Dr Sara Roberts (UCSF) and colleagues (UCSF, University of Maryland, Louisiana State University)
used the LMUP in the Multistate Abortion Prenatal Study,
a large cross-sectional survey across four antenatal providers in the U.S.:
-
Roberts SCM, Kimport K, Kriz R, Holl J, Mark K, Williams V. 2018
Consideration of and reasons for not obtaining abortion among women entering prenatal care in
Southern Louisiana and Baltimore, Maryland
Sexuality Research and Social Policy
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-018-0359-4
Abstract and full pdf
-
Berglas NF, Williams V, Mark V, Roberts SCM. 2018
Should prenatal care providers offer pregnancy options for counseling?
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
18:384
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Jenny Hall (UCL) carried out a study in
Malawi examining the relationship between
pregnancy intention and key maternal and neonatal outcomes.
The LMUP was used to assess pregnancy intention.
The evaluation of the LMUP in translation was published in 2013
Further information.
The findings from the main study are now being published:
Hall JA, Barrett G, Copas A, Phiri T, Malata A, Stephenson J (2018)
Reassessing pregnancy intention and its relation to maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes in a low-income setting:
A cohort study. Abstract and full pdf
PLoS ONE
13(10):e0205487.
Abstract and full pdf
Hall J, Stephenson J, Barrett G.
2018
Comparing the order of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy and the
Demographic and Health Survey question on pregnancy intention in a
single group of postnatal women in Malawi ‐ the effect
of question order on assessment of pregnancy intention
BMC Research Notes 11:487
Abstract and full pdf
Stephenson J, Heslehurst N, Hall J, Schoenaker DAJM,
Hutchinson J, Cade JE, Poston L, Barrett G,
Crozier SR, Barker M, Kumaran K, Yajnik CS,
Baird J, Mishra GD. 2018
Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception
period and its importance for future health
Lancet Online first
Abstract and full pdf
Hall JA, Barrett G, Copas A, Stephenson J. 2017
London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy: guidance for its use as an outcome measure
Patient Related Outcome Measures 8:43-56
Abstract and full pdf
Hall JA, Barrett G, Phiri T, Copas A, Malata A, Stephenson J. 2016
Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in Mchinji District, Malawi:
Using a conceptual hierarchy to inform analysis
PlosOne 11(10): e0165621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165621
Abstract and full pdf
Hall J, Barrett G, Mbwana N, Copas A, Malata A, Stephenson J. 2013 Understanding pregnancy planning in a low-income country setting: validation of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy in Malawi BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 13:200
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Sara Yeatman and colleagues carried out a study of child and parental health in Malawi,
using the LMUP. They presented their findings at the Society of Family Planning conference,
the abstract of which has been published:
Yeatman S, Smith-Greenaway E.
2018
Birth planning and women's and men's health in Malawi
Studies in Family Planning Online first
Abstract
Yeatman S, and Smith-Greenaway E. 2016 The relationship between pregnancy plannedness
and parental and child health in Malawi Contraception 94(4):424
Abstract
Dr Joline Goossens and colleagues used the LMUP
in a study of postpartum women in Flanders, Belgium.
The psychometric properties of the Dutch LMUP have been published.
(Further information)
Goossens J, Verhaeghe S, Van Hecke A, Barrett G, Delbaere I, Beeckman D. 2018
Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the
London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy in women with pregnancies
ending in birth
PloS ONE 13(4): e0194033
Abstract and full pdf
Goossens J, Beeckman D, Van Hecke A, Delbaere I, Verhaeghe S. 2018
Preconception lifestyle changes in women with planned pregnancies
Midwifery 356:112-120
Abstract
Goossens J, Van Den Branden Y, Van der Sluys L, Delbaere I, Van Hecke A, Verhaeghe S, Beeckman D. 2016
The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy ending in birth, associated factors and health outcomes
Human Reproduction 31;12: 2821-2833
Abstract
Dr Victoria Lyun, Prof Landon Myer and colleagues used the
LMUP in a study of pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa:
-
Lyun V, Brittain K, Phillips TK, Le Roux S,
McINtyre JA, Zerbe Z, Petro G, Abrams EJ, Myer L. 2018
Prevalence and determinants of unplanned pregnancy in
HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Cape Town,
South Africa: a cross-sectional study
BMJ Open
8;4:e019979.
Abstract and full text
Dr Jonathan Bearak (Guttmacher Institute)
and colleagues assessed global trends in unintended pregnancy.
Six studies using the LMUP were included in the analysis:
-
Bearak J, Popinchalk A, Alkema L, Sedgh G. 2018
Global, regional, and subregional trends in
unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014:
estimates from a Bayesian hierarchical model
Lancet Global Health
6;4:e380-e389
Abstract and full text
Dr Hannah Kluckow, Prof Kirsten Black and colleagues
assessed pregnancy intention among women attending
antenatal care in the Solomon Islands:
-
Kluckow H, Panisis L, Lauri J, Jatubatu, Kim D, Hodges L, Black K.
2018
Socio-demographic predictors of unintended pregnancy
and late antenatal booking in Honiara,
Solomon Islands
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
doi:10.1111/ajo.12782
Abstract
Dr Gariepy and colleagues used the LMUP in a study of pregnant
women recruited via abortion and pregnancy testing services:
-
Kemet S, Lundsberg LS, Gariepy AM. 2018
Race and ethnicity may not be associated with risk
of unintended pregnancy
Contraception
Online first
Abstract
-
Gariepy A, Lundsberg LS, Vilardo N, Stanwood N, Yonkers K, Schwarz EB. 2017
Pregnancy context and women's health related quality of life Contraception
Contraception
95;5:491-499
Abstract
The Turnaway Study. The LMUP was used in the UCSF ‘Turnaway Study’, a prospective, longitudinal study of women who underwent or were denied an abortion.
Further information: Papers reporting LMUP findings include:
-
Foster DG, Biggs MA, Raifman S, Gipson J, Kimport K, Rocca CH.
2018
Comparision of health, development, maternal bonding, and poverty among children born after denial
of abortion vs after pregnancies subsequent to an abortion
JAMA Pediatrics
Online first
Abstract
Ralph L, Greene Foster D, Rocca C.
2018
Comparing prospective versus retrospective pregnancy
intention reporting on incident pregnancies in a
longitudinal study of U.S. women
Population Association of America Annual Meeting, Denver, April 2018
Abstract
Aztlan EA, Foster DG, Upadhyay U. 2018
Subsequent unintended pregnancy among US women who receive or are denied a wanted abortion
Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 63;1:45-52
Abstract
Roberts SCM, Subbaraman MS, Delucchi KL, Wilsnack SC, Foster DG. 2016
Moderators and mediators of the relationship between receiving versus being denied a pregnancy
termination and subsequent binge drinking
Drug and Alcohol Dependence 159:117-24
Abstract
Rocca C, Foster D. 2016 Changes over time in retrospective reporting of pregnancy
intentions among women who sought an abortion in the United States
Population Association of America Annual Meeting, Washington D.C., April 2016
Abstract
Rocca et al. 2015 Decision rightness and emotional responses to abortion in the United States:
a Longitudinal Study PloS ONE 10(7): e0128832. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128832
Abstract
Roberts, S. C. M., Wilsnack, S. C., Foster, D. G. and Delucchi, K. L. (2014),
Alcohol Use Before and During Unwanted Pregnancy
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 38:2844-2852.
Abstract
Rocca CH, Kimport K, Gould H, Foster DG. 2013 Women's Emotions One Week After Receiving or
Being Denied an Abortion in the United States.
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 45:122–131.
Abstract
Biggs A, Gould H, Greene Foster D. 2013 Understanding why women seek abortions in the US
BMC Women's Health 13:29
Abstract and full text
Robert SCM, Avalos LA, Sinkford D, Greene Foster D. 2012 Alcohol, tobacco and drug use as reasons for abortion Alcohol and Alcoholism 47;6:640-684
Abstract
Dr Ana Borges and colleagues used the LMUP
with a cohort of pregnant women,
following them into the postpartum period,
and assessed their postpartum use of contraception:
Borges ALV, dos Santos OA, Fujimori E. 2018
Concordance between intention to use and current use
of contraceptives among six-month postpartum women in Brazil:
the role of unplanned pregnancy
Midwifery 56:94-101
Abstract
Dr Ahmed Abdulwahab and colleagues (King Saud University) used the LMUP
in a study of women attending antenatal services:
Abdulwahab A, Almotairi A, Alkhamis W, Almutiari A.
2018
Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and its psychological
effect among pregnant patients in King Khalid University Hospitals
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 70(6):943-947
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Eman Almaghaslah, Prof Roger Rochat, and Dr Ghada N. Farhat (Emory University)
evaluated the LMUP in Arabic in Saudi Arabia (Further information)::
Almaghaslah E, Rochat R, Farhat G. 2017
Validation of a pregnancy planning measure for
Arabic-speaking women
PloS ONE 12(10): e0185433
Abstract and full pdf
The LMUP will be used in an RCT of sexual health and
nutritional interventions among sex workers in Kenya.
The trial protocol has been published:
Ampt et al. 2017 WHISPER or SHOUT study:
protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial
assessing mHealth sexual reproductive health and
nutrition interventions among female sex workers in
Mombasa, Kenya
BMJ Open 7(8): e017388
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Muhammad Atif Habib (Aga Khan University/University of Sydney)
and colleagues carried out a study of 3010 women attending two antenatal
clinics, one in Karachi city and one in Dadu district,
Pakistan, using the LMUP (Further information):
Habib MA, Raynes-Greenow C, Nausheen S, Soofi SB, Sajid M, Bhutta ZA, Black K.
2017
Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancies amongst women attending
antenatal clinics in Pakistan
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 17:156
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Kinga Om and colleagues used the LMUP with women
attending the antenatal clinic of the Jigme Dorji
Wangchuk National Referral Hospital in Bhutan, Thailand:
Om K, Deoisres W, Suppaseemanont W. 2017
Preconception health behaviors and associated factors
of Bhutanese pregnant women attending antenatal care
clinic of National Referral Hospital.
Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal
12;2:45-56
Abstract and full pdf
The LMUP in Swedish was compared to the single question,
“How planned was your current pregnancy?”
in an analysis by Drevin et al in 2017.
Barrett et al commented on the analysis in 2018:
Drevin J, Kristiansson P, Stern J, Rosenblad A. 2017
Measuring pregnancy planning:
a psychometric evaluation comparison of two scales.
Journal of Advanced Nursing
73:2765-2775
Abstract
Barrett G, Hall JA, Borges ALV, Rocca C, Almaghaslah E, Stephenson J. 2018
Commentary on Drevin et al. (2017)
Measuring pregnancy planning: a psychometric evaluation comparison of two scales.
JAN Interactive
Commentary
The UK's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles,
carried out by Prof Anne Johnson (UCL), Dr Cath Mercer (UCL), Dr Pam Sonneneberg (UCL),
Dr Andrew Copas (UCL), Prof Kaye Wellings (LSHTM), Wendy MacDowall (LSHTM), Bob Erens (NatCen),
Healther Wardle (NatCen), Prof Catherine Ison (Health Protection Agency), Prof Frederick Wu (University of Manchester),
used the LMUP in its data collection in relation to all pregnancies reported in the last year.
Further information about Natsal
The papers reporting LMUP findings include:
Paquette R, Tanton C, Burns F, Prah P, Shahmanesh M, Field N, Macdowall W, Gravningen K, Sonnerberg P, Mercer CH. 2017
Illicit drug use and its association with key sexual risk behaviours and outcomes:
Findings from Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)
PlosONE 12(5):e0177922
Abstract
Palmer MJ, Clarke L, Ploubidis GB, Mercer CH, Gibson LJ, Johnson AM, Copas AJ, Wellings K.
2016 Is "sexual competence" at first heterosexual intercourse associated with
subsequent sexual health status The Journal of Sex Research
Abstract
Wellings et al. 2013 The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and associated factors in Britain: findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3) Lancet 382(9907):1807-16
Abstract
Dr Ana Borges and colleagues evaluated the LMUP in Brazilian Portuguese translation:
Borges ALV, Barrett G, dos Santos OA, Nascimento NC, Cavalhieri FB, Fujimori E. 2016
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy
in Brazilian Portuguese
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 16:244
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Paula Castano and Prof Carolyn Westhoff, Colombia University,
used the LMUP in US-English and Spanish translation in 2005 in a study of women seeking pregnancy testing
at a family planning clinic. Dr Aiken led an analysis of these data in 2016. Barrett et al commented on the analysis in 2017:
Aiken ARA, Westhoff CL, Trussell J, Castano PM. 2016
Comparison of a timing-based measure of unintended pregnancy and the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 48;3:139-146
Abstract
Barrett G, Hall JA, Stephenson J. 2017
Measuring unintended pregnancy: the complexity of comparison
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 49;1:69-70
Letter
Major Ryan J. Heitmann and colleagues used the LMUP in a survey of U.S.
female service members and military health care beneficiaries
aged 18-42 across three tertiary military health centres:
Heitmann RJ, Batig AL, Levy G, Novotney J, Grubbs C, Batig TS,
Gobem JM, Hemman E, Christy AY, Hill MJ. 2016
Unintended pregnancy in the military health care system:
who is really at risk? Military Medicine 181;10:1370-1374
Abstract
Dr Liauw and colleagues carried out a study examining the contraceptive needs
of women in a correctional facility in Ontario, Canada.
They used the LMUP to assess the intention status of women's most recent pregnancy:
Liauw J, Foran J, Dineley B, Costescu D, Kouyoumdjian FG. 2016
The unmet contraceptive need of incarcerated women in Ontario
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 38;9820-826
Abstract
Dr Cheney and colleagues used the LMUP in with women attending an
Early Pregnancy Assessment Service (EPAS) in Australia.
The EPAS reviews women who present in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy with
bleeding and/or pain or with other concerns.
Cheney K, Sim KA, D'Souza M, Pelosi M, Black KI. 2016 Unintended pregnancy amongst an early
pregnancy clinic cohort: identifying opportunities for preventative health interventions
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 56(4):426-31
Abstract
A UK Department of Health funded study on pre-pregnancy health and care,
led by Prof. Judith Stephenson at Institute for Women's Health, UCL,
used the LMUP with pregnant women and their partners:
Bye A, Shawe J, Stephenson J, Bick D, Brima N, Micali N.
2016 Differences in pre-conception and pregnancy healthy lifestyle advice by maternal BMI:
Findings from a cross sectional survey Midwifery 42:38-45
Abstract
Stephenson et al. 2014 How do women prepare for pregnancy?
Preconception experiences of women attending antenatal services
and views of health professionals
PlosOne 9(7): e103085. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103085
Abstract
Prof. James Trussell and colleagues assessed pregnancy intention
among women attending antenatal clinics and abortion services:
Bexhell H, Guthrie K, Cleland K, Trussell J. 2016
Unplanned pregnancy and contraceptive use in Hull and East Yorkshire
Contraception 93:233-235
Abstract
Dr Abdolreza Shaghaghi and colleagues evaluated the LMUP in
Persian translation in Iran as part of a wider study assessing unmet need for family planning
(Further information):
Roshanaei S, Shaghaghi A, Jafarabadi MA, and Kousha A. 2015 Measuring unintended pregnancies in postpartum Iranian women: validation of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 21(8):572-578
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Ana Luiza Vilea Borges used the LMUP in a study of contraceptive use by women following an induced or spontaneous abortion:
Borges ALV, OlaOlorun F, Fujimori E, Akiko L, Hoga K, Tsui AO. 2015
Contrceptive use following spontaneous and induced abortion and its association with family planning services in primary health care:
results from a Brazilian longitudinal study Reproductive Health 12:94
Abstract and full pdf
Dr Ginger Poulton and colleagues used the LMUP with women attending methodone clinics
in a study assessing their reproductive health and choices:
Poulton G, Parlier AB, Scott KR, Fagan EB, Galvin SL. 2015 Contraceptive choices for reproductive age women at methadone
clinics in Western North Carolina MAHEC Online Journal of Research 2:2
Abstract and full pdf
The LMUP was used in the Life Study, the UK's ambitious new cohort study which aimed to
recruit 80,000 pregnant women.
The study, led by Prof. Carol Dezateux at Institute of Child Health, UCL
closed early due to difficulties in recruitment of participants.
Further information
The UK ‘Contessa’ study, a longitudinal study of women's contraceptive use, used the LMUP in its data collection:
Wellings et al. 2015 Stopping and switching contraceptive methods: findings from Contessa, a prospective longitudinal study of women of reproductive age in England Contraception 91:57-66
Abstract
A Swedish study of antenatal clinic attenders used the LMUP in its data collection:
Bodin et al. 2015 Coherence of pregnancy planning within couples expecting a child Midwifery
Abstract
An Argentinian study of women with and without bipolar disorder used the LMUP in its data collection:
Marengo et al. 2015 Unplanned pregnancies and reproductive health among women with bipolar disorder Journal of Affective Disorders 178:201-205
Abstract
A U.S. study of pregnancy intention among HIV-positive women used the LMUP in their data collection:
Rahangdale et al. 2014 Pregnancy intentions among women living with HIV in the United States Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 65(3):306-311
Abstract
The LMUP was used in a study of antenatal clinic attenders in Papua New Ginuea. (The full LMUP was used in the pilot study then item 6 was dropped in the main study because of low endorsement. Technically, this invalidates the LMUP, but score patterns can be seen.)
Sanga et al. 2014 Unintended pregnancy amongst women attending antenatal clinics at the Port Moresby General Hospital Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 54(4):360-365
Abstract
A pilot randomized trial of an intervention to prevent HIV in young women in Zimbabwe used the LMUP. Little information is given about how the LMUP was adapted for use in the study:
Dunbar et al. 2014 The SHAZ! Project: Results from a pilot randomized trial of a structural intervention to prevent HIV among adolescent women in Zimbabwe PloS ONE 9(11) : e113621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113621
Abstract
A Danish study of pre-pregnancy health and care used the LMUP in their data collection:
Backhausen et al. 2013 Pregnancy planning and lifestyle prior to conception and during early pregnancy among Danish women European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care
Abstract
An Australian study of women attending an antenatal clinic used the LMUP in their data collection:
Rassi A, Wattimena J, Black K. 2013 Pregnancy intention in an urban Australian antenatal population Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37:568-73
Abstract
A UK study of women attending for abortion used the LMUP:
Cameron ST, Glasier A. 2013 Identifying women in need of further discussion about the decision to have an abortion and eventual outcome Contraception 88;1:128-132.
Abstract
Diane Morof MD MSc,
Centers for Disease Control and University of California,
San Francisco, has led an evaluation of the LMUP in US English and Spanish
Further information:
Morof D, Steinauer J, Haider S, Liu S, Darney P, Barrett G.
2012 Evaluation of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy
in a United States population of women.
PloS One 7(4) Article number e35381
Abstract and full pdf
Morof D, Steinauer J, Haider S, Liu S, Darney P, Barrett G.
2009
Evaluation of the reliability and validity of the London Measure of
Unplanned Pregnancy in a U.S. population of women.
International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetricse Vol.107 Supplement 2 p.S275
Abstract
A Brazilian study, led by Dr Ana Luiza Vilela Borges, has used the LMUP:
Borges et al. 2011 Pregnancy planning: prevalence and associated aspects Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 45:2
Abstract
Corinne Rocca MPH PhD of University of California, San Francisco led an evaluation of the LMUP in Tamil and Kannada translation in Bangalore, India
Further information:
Rocca CH, Krishnan S, Barrett G, and Wilson M. 2010 Measuring pregnancy planning: an assessment of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy among urban, south Indian women. Demographic Research 23(11):293-334
Abstract and full pdf
Further Information
Skinner R, Doherty D, and Lewis L, of the University of Western Australia, carried out a longitudinal study in Perth, Australia, called, "Why do teenage mothers fall pregnant so quickly? Exploring the bio-psychosocial antecedents of repeat teenage pregnancy".
The LMUP was used in data collection with mothers during pregnancy.
Lewis et al. 2010 Predictors of sexual intercourse and rapid-repeat pregnancy among teenage mothers: an Australian prospective longitudinal study Medical Journal of Australia 193(6):338-42
Abstract
A Canadian study of couples expecting their first child use the LMUP in their data collection:
Lachance-Grzela M and Bouchard G. 2009 The well-being of cohabiting and married couples during pregnancy: Does pregnancy planning matter? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 26(2-3):141-159
Abstract
Bouchard G. 2011 The role of psychosocial variables in prenatal attachment: an examination of moderational effects Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 29(3):197-207
Abstract
Shallimar Jones, of Michigan State University, used the LMUP in her doctoral research on stress during pregnancy, completed in 2007.
Fatim Lakha and Prof Anna Glasier MD FRCOG used the LMUP in a study looking at unplanned pregnancy and emergency contraception use among pregnant women in Edinburgh, Scotland.
Lakha F, Glasier A. 2006 Unintended pregnancy and use of emergency contraception among a large cohort of women attending for antenatal care or abortion in Scotland Lancet 368:1782-87
Abstract
Suzanne Cater and Lester Coleman PhD
of the Trust for the Study of Adolescence carried out a study,
funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
of 'planned' pregnancy among teenagers.
The LMUP was used as a screening questionnaire to identify potential interviewees.
The report presents the LMUP data and provides a rich qualitative account of the reasons
for teenage 'planned' pregnancies:
Cater S, Coleman L. 2006 'Planned' Teenage Pregnancy: Perspectives of young parents from disadvantaged backgrounds. Bristol: Policy Press
Abstract and full pdf
Coleman L, Cater S. 2006 ‘Planned’ teenage pregnancy: perspectives of young women from disadvantaged backgrounds in England Journal of Youth Studies 9(5):593-614
Abstract
Catherine Schünmann MD, and Prof Anna Glasier MD FRCOG, Edinburgh, used a modified version of the LMUP in a randomised controlled trial of contraceptive advice at the time of abortion. G Barrett's comment on the unevaluated modified measure and the author's response were published in January 2007.
Schünmann C, and Glasier A. 2006 Measuring pregnancy intention and its relationship with contraceptive use among women undergoing therapeutic abortion Contraception 73:520-524.
Abstract
Barrett G. 2007 Letter to the Editor Contraception 75:79
Letter
Schünmann C. 2007 Response to Letter to the Editor Contraception 75:79
Prof Kaye Wellings,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and colleagues
used the LMUP in a survey component of the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy Evaluation.
The LMUP findings are presented on page 63 and 64
of the final report and in corresponding sections in the earlier annual reports.
Wellings K et al. 2005 Teenage Pregnancy Strategy Evaluation: Final Report Synthesis. London: LSHTM
Report
